Shoe - Wikipedia. A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot while the wearer is doing various activities. Shoes are also used as an item of decoration and fashion. The design of shoes has varied enormously through time and from culture to culture, with appearance originally being tied to function.

Additionally, fashion has often dictated many design elements, such as whether shoes have very high heels or flat ones. Contemporary footwear in the 2. Basic sandals may consist of only a thin sole and simple strap and be sold for a low cost. High fashion shoes made by famous designers may be made of expensive materials, use complex construction and sell for hundreds or even thousands of dollars a pair. Some shoes are designed for specific purposes, such as boots designed specifically for mountaineering or skiing. Traditionally, shoes have been made from leather, wood or canvas, but in the 2. Though the human foot is adapted to varied terrain and climate conditions, it is still vulnerable to environmental hazards such as sharp rocks and hot ground, which shoes protect against.

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Some shoes are worn as safety equipment, such as steel- soled boots which are required on construction sites. History. Antiquity. The earliest known shoes are sandalsdating from approximately 7. BC, found in the Fort Rock Cave in the US state of Oregon in 1. The world's oldest leather shoe, made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in the Areni- 1 cave complex in Armenia in 2. Watch Shine A Light Online here. BC.[2][3]Ötzi the Iceman's shoes, dating to 3.

BC, featured brown bearskin bases, deerskin side panels, and a bark- string net, which pulled tight around the foot.[2] The Jotunheimen shoe was discovered in August 2. Archaeologists estimate that the leather shoe was made between 1.

BC,[4] making it the oldest article of clothing discovered in Scandinavia. Watch Forever Young Full Movie. It is thought that shoes may have been used long before this, but because the materials used were highly perishable, it is difficult to find evidence of the earliest footwear.[5] By studying the bones of the smaller toes (as opposed to the big toe), it was observed that their thickness decreased approximately 4. This led archaeologists to deduce that wearing shoes resulted in less bone growth, resulting in shorter, thinner toes.[6] These earliest designs were very simple in design, often mere "foot bags" of leather to protect the feet from rocks, debris, and cold. They were more commonly found in colder climates.[citation needed]Many early natives in North America wore a similar type of footwear, known as the moccasin. These are tight- fitting, soft- soled shoes typically made out of leather or bison hides. Many moccasins were also decorated with various beads and other adornments.

Moccasins were not designed to be waterproof, and in wet weather and warm summer months, most Native Americans went barefoot.[7]As civilizations began to develop, thong sandals (the precursors of the modern flip- flop) were worn. This practice dates back to pictures of them in ancient Egyptian murals from 4. BC. One pair found in Europe was made of papyrus leaves and dated to be approximately 1,5. They were also worn in Jerusalem during the first century of the Common Era.[8] Thong sandals were worn by many civilizations and made from a wide variety of materials. Ancient Egyptian sandals were made from papyrus and palm leaves. The Masai of Africa made them out of rawhide. In India they were made from wood.

In China and Japan, rice straw was used. The leaves of the sisal plant were used to make twine for sandals in South America while the natives of Mexico used the Yucca plant.[9][1. While thong sandals were commonly worn, many people in ancient times, such as the Egyptians, Hindus and Greeks, saw little need for footwear, and most of the time, preferred being barefoot. The Egyptians and Hindus made some use of ornamental footwear, such as a soleless sandal known as a "Cleopatra", which did not provide any practical protection for the foot. The ancient Greeks largely viewed footwear as self- indulgent, unaesthetic and unnecessary.

Shoes were primarily worn in the theater, as a means of increasing stature, and many preferred to go barefoot.[1. Athletes in the Ancient Olympic Games participated barefoot – and naked.[1. Even the gods and heroes were primarily depicted barefoot, and the hoplite warriors fought battles in bare feet and Alexander the Great conquered his vast empire with barefoot armies. The runners of Ancient Greece are also believed to have run barefoot. Pheidippides, the first marathoner, ran from Athens to Sparta in less than 3.

After the Battle of Marathon, he ran straight from the battlefield to Athens to inform the Athenians of the news.[1. The Romans, who eventually conquered the Greeks and adopted many aspects of their culture, did not adopt the Greek perception of footwear and clothing. Roman clothing was seen as a sign of power, and footwear was seen as a necessity of living in a civilized world, although the slaves and paupers usually went barefoot.[1. Roman soldiers were issued with chiral footwear.[1. There are references to shoes being worn in the Bible.[1. Middle Ages and Early Modern period.

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A common casual shoe in the Pyrenees during the Middle Ages were espadrilles. These are sandals with braided jute soles and a fabric upper portion, and often includes fabric laces that tie around the ankle. The term is French and comes from the esparto grass. The shoes originate in the Catalonian region of Spain as early as the 1. Many medieval shoes were made using the turnshoe method of construction, in which the upper was turned flesh side out, and was lasted onto the sole and joined to the edge by a seam.

The shoe was then turned inside- out so that the grain was outside. Some shoes were developed with toggled flaps or drawstrings to tighten the leather around the foot for a better fit.

Surviving medieval turnshoes often fit the foot closely, with the right and left shoe being mirror images.[1. Around 1. 50. 0, the turnshoe method was largely replaced by the welted rand method (where the uppers are sewn to a much stiffer sole and the shoe cannot be turned inside- out).[1. The turnshoe method is still used for some dance and specialty shoes.

By the 1. 5th Century, pattens became popular by both men and women in Europe. These are commonly seen as the predecessor of the modern high- heeled shoe,[1.

Europe, as well as slaves in the New World, were barefoot.[1. In the 1. 5th century, the Crakow was fashionable in Europe. This style of shoe is named because it is thought to have originated in Kraków, the capitol of Poland. The style is characterized by the point of the shoe, known as the "polaine", which often was supported by a whalebone tied to the knee to prevent the point getting in the way while walking.[2. Also during the 1. Turkey, and were usually 7- 8 inches (1.

These shoes became popular in Venice and throughout Europe, as a status symbol revealing wealth and social standing. During the 1. 6th century, royalty started wearing high- heeled shoes to make them look taller or larger than life, such as Catherine de Medici or Mary I of England.

A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot while the wearer is doing various activities. Shoes are also used as an item of. Sunny Leone Hot Scenes Latest Online Videos: Watch Sunny Leone Hot Scenes videos provided by Midday. Stay updated by watching, all the latest Sunny Leone Hot Scenes.

By 1. 58. 0, even men wore them, and a person with authority or wealth was often referred to as, "well- heeled".[1. Eventually the modern shoe, with a sewn- on sole, was devised. Since the 1. 7th century, most leather shoes have used a sewn- on sole. This remains the standard for finer- quality dress shoes today. Until around 1. 80. Such shoes are now referred to as "straights".[2. Only gradually did the modern foot- specific shoe become standard.

Industrial era. A shoemaker in the Georgian era, from The Book of English Trades, 1. Shoemaking became more commercialized in the mid- 1. Large warehouses began to stock footwear in warehouses, made by many small manufacturers from the area.

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